![]() That 225 of 235 participants had a clear notion of what we were asking about further supports that click friendship is a real social event, despite the lack of formal definition. Only 10 of 235 participants said they did not know what click friendship is. To define click friendship, in study 1, 235 participants (135 women, aged between 20 and 43 years, M = 26.35 ± 4.166) were asked to define what click friendship is in their own words. Although clicking is indeed a term used in the context of friendship, we are unaware of a formal definition for it in the literature. ![]() We hypothesized that if body odor similarity plays a role in friendship formation, then this should be particularly pronounced in click friendships, where a sense of friendship was formed before extensive biographical information was exchanged ( 3). Thus, we conclude that similarity in human body odor is related to a mechanism involved in friendship formation. We found that strangers whose body odor was more similar were more prone to later positive dyadic social interaction. Moreover, we next used the electronic nose (eNose) to predict social interactions between strangers. After recruiting same-sex nonromantic click friends and harvesting their body odor, we found that both an analytical device (an electronic nose) and independent human smellers converged to rate the body odors of click friends as more similar than those of random dyads. To test this, we first asked whether click friends indeed smell alike. Given that a friend’s body odor and one’s own body odor induce similar patterns of brain activity, yet exposure to a stranger’s body odor induces a very different limbic fear–type brain response ( 31), we hypothesized that similarity in body odor may contribute to rapid friendship formation. Moreover, growing evidence implies that humans can infer from body odor alone emotional states in conspecifics, ranging from fear ( 29) to happiness ( 30). Similarity in the sniffed body odor can infer kinship with self ( 26, 27) or between strangers ( 26, 28). Humans also constantly sniff themselves ( 21, 22) and each other ( 22– 25). Nonhuman terrestrial mammals constantly sniff themselves and each other and, based on this, decide who is friend or foe ( 20). We conclude that there is indeed chemistry in social chemistry. In other words, we could predict social bonding with an electronic nose. ![]() We observed that dyads who smelled more similar had more positive dyadic interactions. Last, we recruited complete strangers, smelled them with an electronic nose, and engaged them in nonverbal same-sex dyadic interactions. We found that objective ratings obtained with an electronic nose, and subjective ratings obtained from independent human smellers converged to suggest that friends smell more similar to each other than random dyads. To test this, we recruited nonromantic same-sex friend dyads and harvested their body odor. Because humans seek friends who are similar to themselves, we hypothesized that humans may smell themselves and others to subconsciously estimate body odor similarity, which, in turn, may promote friendship. Humans also sniff themselves and each other, but the function of this is unknown. If it decreases when moving from the upper left to lower right, then the gradient is negative.Nonhuman terrestrial mammals sniff themselves and each other to decide who is friend or foe. If the graph of the line moves from lower left to upper right it is increasing and is therefore positive. The sign in front of the gradient provided by the slope calculator indicates whether the line is increasing, decreasing, constant or undefined. You can also use the distance calculator to compute which side of a triangle is the longest, which helps determine which sides must form a right angle if the triangle is right. ![]() The computations for this can be done by hand or by using the right triangle calculator. If any two sides of a triangle have slopes that multiply to equal -1, then the triangle is a right triangle. The slopes of lines are important in determining whether or not a triangle is a right triangle. This can be obtained using the midpoint calculator or by simply taking the average of each x-coordinates and the average of the y-coordinates to form a new coordinate. The midpoint is an important concept in geometry, particularly when inscribing a polygon inside another polygon with the its vertices touching the midpoint of the sides of the larger polygon. ![]() Just as slope can be calculated using the endpoints of a segment, the midpoint can also be calculated. ![]()
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